What You Should Know: Common Steel Trade Frauds
Those years, as a lawyer, I was repeatedly ask to give advice on fraud cases, especially on cases in which the suspicious fraudster pretend to make a deal in the name of some famous brand company. In fact, some well-known companies, like Taiyuan Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. (TISCO) has explicitly warned about such…
Advanced Course Series on International Commercial Arbitration Theory and Practice: From Contract Content Interpretation to Performance Rights and Responsibilities Game
From March to April 2026, the “International Commercial Arbitration Theory and Practice” series of courses, jointly launched by the Tianjin Lawyers Association, Tianjin Arbitration Commission, Tianjin Import and Export Chamber of Commerce, and Tianjin Returned Overseas Chinese Federation, continued to advance. Following the successful conclusion of the first session “Contract Formation” on March 14, the…
Understanding Arbitration Validity in China
Parties agree as follows: Any disputes arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be resolved through negotiation and, if necessary, through mediation or arbitration in accordance with the rules of CIETAC before resorting to litigation, with English as the language. Question: Is it valid to apply for arbitration, and where to go to apply for it. Lawyer’s analysis:The arbitration clause you quoted is highly likely to be valid under Chinese law. The clause meets the fundamental requirements for a valid arbitration agreement: a clear intention to arbitrate, defined arbitrable subject matter, and a designated arbitration institution. However, you must be aware of a critical ambiguity—whether negotiation and…
One of the typical cases in which supplier was frauded by a supplier.
I, as a lawyer, received many legal consultation reqeust from our clients like this: We are importer and import many parts and chemical materials, or steel materials from different countries Specially China, from last week we make Payment 66700 USD to An INTERNATIONAL TRADING CO, LTD china and 30% send as advance with the help of our…
Lawyer Wang helped a construction company to safeguard his due payment of over 10 millions
Lawyer Wang Jingzhan helped a client of construction company to successfully win a case, helping the company to get a court judgment for awarding more than 10 million rmb.
The series of courses on “International Commercial Arbitration Theory and Practice” kicks off in Tianjin – the first session focuses on practical analysis of English contract law
On March 21, 2026, the “International Commercial Arbitration Theory and Practice” series of courses, jointly organized by the Tianjin Lawyers Association and the Tianjin Arbitration Commission in collaboration with multiple other units, officially kicked off at the Tianjin Lawyers Association Lecture Hall. The first course, themed “English Contract Law – Contract Formation,” featured Mr. Yang…
The Enforcement of Arbitration Award in China
Recently I represented a client to apply for the enforcement of an arbitration award by CIEAC to a Intermediate Law Court of Tianjin city. Applying for enforcement of arbitration award is a legal procedure in China, requiring specific documents and steps. Herebelow I share the application for the enforcement of an arbitration in China, and…
Some Legal Analysis of Chasing Shareholders in the Procedure of Enforcement-exemplified by Tianjin Courts
Several Legal Analysis of Additional Shareholders in the Course of Enforcement — A Case Study of Tianjin District CourtWhen the company encounters difficulties in the course of execution, under normal circumstances, when the company as the person subjected to execution has no property available for execution, and its shareholders have subscribed for capital contributions but…
Introduction of one of partners: Golden Lex
Recently ,Tianjin Bozhuan Law Firm is connecting with Golden Lex from Kazakhstan, aiming to promote the legal service across China and Kazakhstan. Here is the introduction provided by Golden Lex. Company name: Sole Proprietor “Golden Lex” Slogan: Your trust is our reward Brief description: Golden Lex provides comprehensive business support: company registration, legal and accounting…
The Martime Law of China
The Maritime Code of the People’s Republic of China Chapter I General Provisions Chapter II Ships Section 1 Ownership of Ships Section 2 Mortgage of Ships Section 3 Maritime Liens Section 4 Possessory Lien on Ships Chapter III Crew Section 1 General Rules Section 2 Master Chapter IV Contract of Carriage of Goods by Sea…
Lawyer Wang Jingzhan represented a case of international trade
With solid professional skills and cross-border dispute resolution experience, Lawyer Wang Jingzhan successfully represented the international sales contract dispute case, recovering a loss of 1116,163.48 yuan for the client, demonstrating efficient rights protection and legal wisdom. 🚀 Classic Case: International Sales Contract Dispute Victory In 2024, Lawyer Wang Jingzhan represented Hebei Xintong Jiange Trading Co.,…
Case of contract fraud and legal analysis
Here is a case that Lawyer Wang Jingzhan experienced in the last year, with course of action and legal reasoning as follows. The People’s Procuratorate of Xindu District, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, has charged: The defendant Yan, as the legal representative of Tianjin XX Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Yifen Company”), colluded with…
Preliminary mediation
Preliminary mediation refers to a procedural mechanism in which, after accepting a civil case and before formally entering the litigation process, the people’s court, either ex officio or upon the application of the parties, guides the parties to negotiate on an equal footing, show mutual understanding and accommodation, and reach a substantive resolution of the…
The general idea for a Chinese lawyer to review a contract
how to review a contract legally as per Chinese laws and practice
2025年新法解读:执行异议之诉案件适用法律问题的解释
中华人民共和国最高人民法院于2025年7月23日发布了《关于审理执行异议之诉案件适用法律问题的解释》 法释〔2025〕10号 (2024年12月14日最高人民法院审判委员会第1938次会议通过,自2025年7月24日起施行) 为正确审理执行异议之诉案件,依法保护当事人合法权益,根据《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》《中华人民共和国企业破产法》等法律规定,结合审判实践,制定本解释。 第一条 案外人依照民事诉讼法第二百三十八条规定,在执行过程中就执行标的提出执行异议,由提出异议时负责执行该执行标的的人民法院审查处理;案外人、当事人对执行异议裁定不服,自裁定送达之日起十五日内向作出执行异议裁定的执行法院提起执行异议之诉的,人民法院应予受理。 案外人未在《最高人民法院关于人民法院办理执行异议和复议案件若干问题的规定》第六条规定的期限内提出异议,人民法院裁定不予受理的,可以依法另行向申请执行人、被执行人等主张权利。 第二条 金钱债权纠纷的财产保全、执行中,执行标的存在轮候查封、扣押、冻结的,案外人提起执行异议之诉,以首先查封、享有担保物权等优先受偿权的申请保全人、申请执行人为被告,以其他已知的轮候查封的申请保全人、申请执行人为第三人。 第三条 案外人就执行标的享有足以排除强制执行的民事权益,人民法院判决不得执行该执行标的的,同时判决解除执行措施并写明相关查封、扣押、冻结裁定书案号。案外人可以持生效判决请求相关执行法院解除执行措施。 第四条 案外人提起执行异议之诉并依照《民法典》第二百三十四条等规定就执行标的的归属提出确权请求的,以被执行人为被告。 第五条 案外人提起执行异议之诉并以被执行人等为被告提出返还原物、返还价款或者交付标的物、办理转移登记手续等给付请求的,人民法院可以合并审理,法律另有规定不宜合并审理的,应当分别立案。 第六条 案外人执行异议之诉案件审理期间,申请执行人请求人民法院继续执行并提供相应担保的,由负责审理执行异议之诉的人民法院裁定是否准许。执行法院依法继续执行的,案外人执行异议之诉案件按照下列情形分别处理: (一)案外人就执行标的不享有足以排除强制执行的民事权益的,判决驳回诉讼请求; (二)案外人就执行标的享有足以排除强制执行的民事权益,执行标的由申请执行人通过拍卖、抵债等执行程序受让的,判决不得执行该执行标的,并撤销相关拍卖或者抵债裁定;已向申请执行人交付的,同时判决申请执行人返还,拒绝返还的,强制执行; (三)案外人就执行标的享有足以排除强制执行的民事权益,执行标的已由他人通过拍卖、变卖等执行程序合法取得的,判决不得执行该执行标的变价款,执行法院向案外人发放变价款;已向申请执行人发放变价款或者已向被执行人退还剩余变价款的,同时判决申请执行人、被执行人返还,拒绝返还的,强制执行;执行法院向案外人释明执行标的已由他人合法取得而案外人拒绝受领变价款的,应当将变价款予以提存,并告知案外人自提存之日起五年内可以随时领取。 在前款第二项、第三项规定情形下,案外人认为申请执行人请求继续执行错误,给其造成损失的,可以依法另行向申请执行人、执行担保人等主张权利。 第七条 案外人执行异议之诉案件审理或者再审申请审查期间,执行案件已经结案,执行法院未对执行标的进行处分且执行措施已经解除的,人民法院应当裁定终结诉讼或者终结审查。原由执行法院作出的执行异议裁定失效。案外人根据本解释第四条、第五条提出的确权、给付请求,人民法院可以继续审理或者审查。 第八条 执行异议之诉案件审理或者再审申请审查期间,人民法院对作为执行依据的原判决、裁定等依法决定再审,执行标的系原判决、裁定等所涉争议标的以外的财产,或者案外人可能享有足以排除担保物权等优先受偿权的强制执行的民事权益的,执行异议之诉案件可以继续审理或者审查,不能认定案外人享有足以排除强制执行的民事权益的,执行异议之诉案件应当中止审理或者审查。 第九条 执行异议之诉案件审理或者再审申请审查期间,人民法院裁定受理被执行人破产案件的,执行异议之诉案件应当中止审理或者审查,管理人接管债务人财产后,执行异议之诉案件可以继续审理或者审查。 第十条 案外人执行异议之诉案件经审判监督程序发现支持案外人排除强制执行确有错误,人民法院认定案外人不享有足以排除强制执行的民事权益,判决驳回案外人诉讼请求的,原相关执行法院按照原顺位恢复执行;执行标的已合法转让给他人,人民法院裁定撤销原判决、终结诉讼的,申请执行人可以依法另行向被执行人、案外人等主张权利。 第十一条 人民法院对登记在被执行的房地产开发企业名下的新建商品房实施强制执行,案外人以其系商品房消费者为由,提起执行异议之诉,请求排除建设工程价款优先受偿权、抵押权以及一般金钱债权的强制执行,并能够证明其主张同时符合下列条件的,人民法院应予支持: (一)查封前,案外人已与房地产开发企业等签订合法有效的书面买卖合同; (二)查封前,案外人已支付全部价款,或者已按照合同约定支付部分价款且查封后至一审法庭辩论终结前已将剩余价款交付人民法院执行; (三)所购商品房系用于满足家庭居住生活需要。 案外人起诉请求被执行人办理商品房所有权转移登记手续,符合前款规定的,人民法院依法予以支持。 人民法院判决驳回案外人诉讼请求的,案外人交付执行的剩余价款应予及时退还。 第十二条 执行法院冻结被执行的房地产开发企业的预售资金监管账户,案外人以其已向该账户交付购房款,且房屋买卖合同已经解除为由,提起执行异议之诉,请求排除相应购房款的强制执行并申请向其发放,事由成立的,人民法院应予支持。 执行法院对被执行的房地产开发企业的建筑物及其占用范围内建设用地使用权实施强制执行,符合前条第一款第一项、第三项规定的商品房消费者因房屋不能交付且无实际交付可能导致房屋买卖合同已经解除,提起执行异议之诉,请求在建筑物及其建设用地使用权的变价款中排除相对应的强制执行并申请向其发放的,人民法院应予支持。 第十三条 人民法院对登记在被执行人名下的不动产实施强制执行,案外人以其系不动产的买受人为由,提起执行异议之诉,请求排除建设工程价款优先受偿权、抵押权以及一般金钱债权的强制执行,案外人与被执行人签订合法有效的书面买卖合同且在一审法庭辩论终结前交付执行法院的价款足以代为清偿相应主债权的,人民法院应予支持。 符合前款规定的案外人起诉请求抵押权人按套办理抵押权注销登记手续的,人民法院应予支持。 人民法院按照本条第一款规定判决不得执行,申请执行人可以申请将案外人依本条第一款交付的价款替代被执行人清偿相应债务。 人民法院判决驳回案外人诉讼请求的,案外人交付执行的价款应予及时退还。 第十四条 人民法院对登记在被执行人名下的不动产实施强制执行,案外人以其系该不动产买受人为由,提起执行异议之诉,请求排除一般金钱债权的强制执行,并能够证明其主张同时符合下列条件的,人民法院应予支持: (一)查封前,案外人已与被执行人签订合法有效的书面买卖合同; (二)查封前,案外人已支付全部价款,或者已按照合同约定支付部分价款且查封后至一审法庭辩论终结前已将剩余价款交付人民法院执行; (三)查封前,案外人已合法占有该不动产; (四)非因案外人自身原因未办理不动产所有权转移登记。 人民法院判决驳回案外人诉讼请求的,案外人交付执行的剩余价款应予及时退还。 第十五条 人民法院对登记在被执行人名下的不动产实施强制执行,案外人以被执行人已将该不动产向其抵偿债务为由,提起执行异议之诉,请求排除一般金钱债权的强制执行,并能够证明其主张同时符合下列条件的,人民法院应予支持: (一)案外人与被执行人存在真实的债权债务关系且债务履行期限已届满,案外人与被执行人在查封前已签订合法有效的以不动产抵债协议; (二)有证据证明抵债金额与抵债时执行标的的实际价值基本相当; (三)案外人在查封前已合法占有该不动产; (四)非因案外人自身原因未办理不动产所有权转移登记。 第十六条 人民法院查封前,符合下列情形之一,可以认定为本解释第十四条、第十五条中的“非因案外人自身原因”: (一)案外人与被执行人已共同向不动产登记机构提交办理所有权转移登记申请; (二)案外人已请求被执行人履行办理所有权转移登记手续等合同义务,或者因办理所有权转移登记与被执行人发生纠纷并已起诉或者申请仲裁等; (三)新建商品房尚不符合首次登记条件; (四)已办理买卖合同网签备案; (五)被执行人等通知案外人办理不动产所有权转移登记而其未怠于办理; (六)其他非因案外人自身原因的情形。 第十七条 人民法院对登记在被执行的发包人名下的不动产实施强制执行,案外人以其与被执行人约定以不动产折抵工程债务为由,提起执行异议之诉,请求排除抵押权和一般金钱债权的强制执行,并能够证明其主张同时符合下列条件的,人民法院应予支持: (一)案外人依据《民法典》第八百零七条规定,在查封前行使建设工程价款优先受偿权,与被执行的发包人签订合法有效的以不动产折价协议; (二)有证据证明抵债金额与抵债时执行标的的实际价值基本相当。 案外人起诉请求被执行人办理不动产所有权转移登记手续,符合前款规定的,人民法院依法予以支持。 第十八条 人民法院对登记在被执行人名下的不动产实施强制执行,案外人以该不动产系用于产权调换的征收补偿为由,提起执行异议之诉,请求排除建设工程价款优先受偿权、抵押权以及其他债权的强制执行,并能够证明其主张同时符合下列条件的,人民法院应予支持: (一)查封前,案外人已与房屋征收部门、房屋征收实施单位等依法签订征收补偿性质的协议;…
The main clauses in a contract as per the laws of China
The main clauses that should be included in a contract as per China laws. As per the Article 470 of China Civil Code: The contents of a contract shall be agreed upon by the parties and generally include the following clauses: (1) The name and address of the parties involved; (2) Subject matter; (3) Quantity;…
Identification of the difference between contract fraud cases and civil contract fraud in legal practice of China
The main difference between contract fraud cases and civil contract fraud lies in whether the perpetrator has the purpose of illegal possession. In practice, accurate estimation of the purpose of illegal possession relies on detailed investigation and analysis of objective facts. According to Article 224 of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China,…
The proportion of debt in a dispute
As per provision of 517 of China Civil Code,Creditors consist of two or more individuals, and the subject matter is divisible, with each party enjoying their respective sharesIf there is a debt, it is a proportionate debt; The debtor consists of two or more persons, and the subject matter can be divided according to their…
Time Cognizance of Cancellation of a Contract
Contract termination refers to the end of a contractual relationship due to the intention expressed by one or both parties after the contract has been validly established. The unfulfilled portion will no longer be fulfilled, while the fulfilled portion will be settled according to specific circumstances. The general provisions of the Contract Section of the…
The legal defination of sales contract as per laws of China
Sales contract is a typical contract in contract law of China Sales contract is one of the most common contracts made between manufacturing companies, trade companies and etc. As per the law, other contract in dispute, when without specific regulation, may refer to the ruling of sales contract. The Article 595 says a sales contract…
